The Wall

The Wall is a massive wall of ice that stretches across the northern border of the Seven Kingdoms, separating it from the wild lands beyond. It extends from the Frostfangs mountain range in the west to the Bay of Seals in the east. It was reputedly created over 8,000 years prior to the present setting by Brandon the Builder after the Long Night to defend the realms of man from the wildlings and Others. Approximately 300 leagues in length and 700 feet in height, the Wall is protected by the Night's Watch and according to some, ancient spells and sorcery. Supposedly, Brandon the Builder had placed his foundations along the heights wherever possible. Several mentions in the text suggest that the Wall was much smaller at the time, having been built upon by the Night's Watch over the centuries to its present size. However, the severely reduced Night's Watch at the present time is limited to maintenance duty. A total of nineteen fortresses have been built along the Wall though only three, The Shadow Tower, Castle Black and Eastwatch-by-the-sea are occupied at the time of the books.

It is wide enough for several mounted knights to ride abreast atop of it. At its peak it is studded with catapults and cranes. The Night's Watch permits the forest to come no closer than half a mile to the Wall.

However between the three inhabited fortresses, the forest has crept back. The Wall is straight from Castle Black to Eastwatch-by-the-sea, but runs like a snake between Castle Black and the Shadow Tower. Source: AWOIAF

The Wall is a massive wall of ice on the northern border of the Seven Kingdoms. According to legends in the series it was made 8000 years ago by Brandon the Builder, in order to protect the Seven Kingdoms from a threat from the north. The Night's Watch guards the wall, but has decreased in numbers in recent times. Of the nineteen castles along the wall only three are manned. At least some of the castles have gates opening to the north. Although wildlings cannot get through the wall some few manage to scale it, or sail around it near the coasts. To the south of the wall is a strip of land known as "the Gift", from which the Night's Watch supports itself. While it does border the North, the Wall and the Gift lands technically have independent and extra-legal status. The Night's Watch has maintained this control for thousands of years to support their guarding of the Wall, and when the Targaryens conquered and unified the Seven Kingdoms they allowed the Night's Watch to continue this control while nominally swearing allegiance to the Targaryen kings. Source: Wikipedia

King's Landing

King's Landing is the capital of Westeros and the Seven Kingdoms. It is situated on the Blackwater river on the spot where Aegon the Conqueror landed in Westeros to begin his conquest. The main city is surrounded by a wall, manned by the City Watch of King's Landing, also known as the Gold Cloaks. Within the walls, the city's natural landscape is dominated by three hills, named after Aegon and his two sisters, Visenya and Rhaenys. Poorer smallfolk build shanty settlements outside the city. King's Landing is extremely populous, but rather unsightly and dirty compared to other cities. The stench of the city's waste can be smelled far beyond its walls. It is the principal harbor of the Seven Kingdoms, rivaled only by Oldtown. Source: AWOIAF

King's Landing is the capital of Westeros and the Seven Kingdoms. It is situated on the Blackwater river on the spot where Aegon the Conqueror landed in Westeros to begin his conquest. The main city is surrounded by a wall, manned by a city watch known as the Gold Cloaks. Within the walls, the city's natural landscape is dominated by three hills, named after Aegon and his two sisters. Poorer smallfolk build shanty settlements outside the city. King's Landing is extremely populous, but rather unsightly and dirty. The stench of the city's waste can be smelled far beyond its walls.

The royal castle, called the Red Keep, sits on Aegon's Hill. The Keep holds the Iron Throne, the seat of the monarch. Aegon commissioned the throne's construction from the swords of his defeated enemies. According to legend, he kept the blades sharp because he believed that no ruler should ever sit comfortably. Centuries later, kings still cut themselves on the throne. It is a common belief that one who cuts himself on the throne has been 'rejected' by the throne and is therefore not fit to rule.

The city also holds the Great Sept of Baelor, where the Most Devout convene with the High Septon. It is the holiest sept of the Seven.

The slums of King's Landing are called Flea Bottom, where residents are so poor they regularly subsist on "bowls of brown", a mystery stew that can include the meat of puppies and murder victims.

King's Landing has an estimated population of more than 500,000, as stated by Tyrion when he meets Oberyn Martell on his arrival to King's Landing. Source: Wikipedia

Winterfell

Winterfell is a castle in the North of Westeros. It is the ancestral home and seat of power of House Stark, which has ruled the North for millenia. It was supposedly built by Brandon the Builder with the help of giants. It lies on the Kingsroad that runs from King's Landing to the Wall. Built on top of a hot spring, it uses the water from that spring for heating, making it more comfortable than other castles during the harsh northern winter. Under the castle there is a crypt where the Starks bury their dead. There is a 'winter town' outside which is apparently mostly deserted during summers, but where the smallfolk gather in winters. Wintefell is encircled by two massive granite walls with a wide moat between them. The outer wall stood eighty feet high, the inner more than a hundred.

The castle was sacked and burned down by Ramsay Snow. The crypts remain intact. Source: AWOIAF

The North

The North covers the area of Westeros that lies north of the Neck. It has been ruled by House Stark for thousands of years. It is the largest kingdom but it is thinly populated.

The North has a cold climate, with harsh Winters and occasional snow even during its Summers. Most of its residents still follow the Old Gods, but a few (including House Manderly in White Harbor) keep the Faith of the Seven. It is bordered to the north by the Wall, and to the South by the Neck, a small triangle of swampland. The narrow passage and difficult terrain make it a natural border for the North, and prior to the Targaryen unification the Kings in the North had held off countless southron invasions there (primarily at Moat Cailin). Bastards in the North have the surname "Snow". Source: AWOIAF